Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Hafīd (Averroes), 2011
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Hafīd (Averroes)
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Philosophy between 500 and 1500
Pages 494–501
Categories Biography, Surveys, Logic, Psychology, Cosmology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes (1126–1198 CE) was the most famous and prolific commentator on Aristotle in all of medieval philosophy: 38 works are extant, at all levels of instruction. This concentration on Aristotle was not happenstance, instead, it reflects Averroes’ maturing philosophical outlook. For Averroes, Aristotle’s teaching came to represent the pinnacle of philosophical wisdom, and answers to all the most pressing problems in philosophy were to be found in a thorough and careful exploration of what that teaching truly implied. In the course of Averroes’ deepening investigations into Aristotelian lore, alternative interpretations were advanced and different traditions of thinking carefully laid side by side, producing a field guide to the Peripatetic tradition, as it was known to an Arabic scholar of the classical period. The resulting body of texts represents a high watermark in Aristotelian synthesis and systematization, even if Averroes failed in the end to resolve satisfactorily all the problems that had accumulated over the centuries. In addition to his Aristotelian Commentaries, Explications, and Compendia (which, besides Aristotle, encompassed works by Plato, Galen, Ptolemy, and al-Ġazālī), Averroes wrote smaller, independent essays and questions that explored contested issues in Aristotelian teaching; polemical works that argued the religious innocence and intellectual respectability of Peripatetic philosophy, correctly understood; and medical and legal treatises of solid but unspectacular standing. Averroes’ reputation was made in Latin Scholasticism and in Jewish circles of learning, while in the Arabic world his works fell mostly by the wayside. Today, his name is evoked in the Arabic world as a rallying-point for a rationalist Islam – a fitting legacy, if not always especially well grounded (modern-day Averroists displaying at best a cursory knowledge of the Commentator’s philosophy).

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Thought Experiments and Indirect Proofs in Averroes, Aquinas, and Buridan, 2011
By: Taneli Kukkonen, Simo Knuuttila
Title Thought Experiments and Indirect Proofs in Averroes, Aquinas, and Buridan
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Perspectives
Pages 83–99
Categories Thomas, Buridan, Logic
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen , Simo Knuuttila
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Mind and Modal Judgment. Al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd on Conceivability and Possibility, 2006
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Mind and Modal Judgment. Al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd on Conceivability and Possibility
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2006
Published in Mind and Modality. Studies in the History of Philosophy in Honour of Simo Knuutila
Pages 121–139
Categories Logic, Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alternatives to Alternatives: Approaches to Aristotle's Arguments per impossibile, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Alternatives to Alternatives: Approaches to Aristotle's Arguments per impossibile
Type Article
Language English
Date 2002
Journal Vivarium
Volume 40
Issue 2
Pages 137-173
Categories Tradition and Reception, Commentary
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes and the Teleological Argument, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Averroes and the Teleological Argument
Type Article
Language English
Date 2002
Journal Religious Studies
Volume 38
Pages 405–428
Categories Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Infinite Power and Plenitude. Two Traditions on the Necessity of the Eternal, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Infinite Power and Plenitude. Two Traditions on the Necessity of the Eternal
Type Book Section
Language undefined
Date 2002
Published in Medieval Philosophy and the Classical Tradition in Islam, Judaism and Christianity
Pages 183–201
Categories Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alternatives to Alternatives: Approaches to Aristotle's Arguments per impossibile, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Alternatives to Alternatives: Approaches to Aristotle's Arguments per impossibile
Type Article
Language English
Date 2002
Journal Vivarium
Volume 40
Issue 2
Pages 137-173
Categories Tradition and Reception, Commentary
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes and the Teleological Argument, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Averroes and the Teleological Argument
Type Article
Language English
Date 2002
Journal Religious Studies
Volume 38
Pages 405–428
Categories Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Hafīd (Averroes), 2011
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Hafīd (Averroes)
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Philosophy between 500 and 1500
Pages 494–501
Categories Biography, Surveys, Logic, Psychology, Cosmology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes (1126–1198 CE) was the most famous and prolific commentator on Aristotle in all of medieval philosophy: 38 works are extant, at all levels of instruction. This concentration on Aristotle was not happenstance, instead, it reflects Averroes’ maturing philosophical outlook. For Averroes, Aristotle’s teaching came to represent the pinnacle of philosophical wisdom, and answers to all the most pressing problems in philosophy were to be found in a thorough and careful exploration of what that teaching truly implied. In the course of Averroes’ deepening investigations into Aristotelian lore, alternative interpretations were advanced and different traditions of thinking carefully laid side by side, producing a field guide to the Peripatetic tradition, as it was known to an Arabic scholar of the classical period. The resulting body of texts represents a high watermark in Aristotelian synthesis and systematization, even if Averroes failed in the end to resolve satisfactorily all the problems that had accumulated over the centuries. In addition to his Aristotelian Commentaries, Explications, and Compendia (which, besides Aristotle, encompassed works by Plato, Galen, Ptolemy, and al-Ġazālī), Averroes wrote smaller, independent essays and questions that explored contested issues in Aristotelian teaching; polemical works that argued the religious innocence and intellectual respectability of Peripatetic philosophy, correctly understood; and medical and legal treatises of solid but unspectacular standing. Averroes’ reputation was made in Latin Scholasticism and in Jewish circles of learning, while in the Arabic world his works fell mostly by the wayside. Today, his name is evoked in the Arabic world as a rallying-point for a rationalist Islam – a fitting legacy, if not always especially well grounded (modern-day Averroists displaying at best a cursory knowledge of the Commentator’s philosophy).

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Infinite Power and Plenitude. Two Traditions on the Necessity of the Eternal, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Infinite Power and Plenitude. Two Traditions on the Necessity of the Eternal
Type Book Section
Language undefined
Date 2002
Published in Medieval Philosophy and the Classical Tradition in Islam, Judaism and Christianity
Pages 183–201
Categories Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Mind and Modal Judgment. Al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd on Conceivability and Possibility, 2006
By: Taneli Kukkonen
Title Mind and Modal Judgment. Al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd on Conceivability and Possibility
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2006
Published in Mind and Modality. Studies in the History of Philosophy in Honour of Simo Knuutila
Pages 121–139
Categories Logic, Metaphysics
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Thought Experiments and Indirect Proofs in Averroes, Aquinas, and Buridan, 2011
By: Taneli Kukkonen, Simo Knuuttila
Title Thought Experiments and Indirect Proofs in Averroes, Aquinas, and Buridan
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Perspectives
Pages 83–99
Categories Thomas, Buridan, Logic
Author(s) Taneli Kukkonen , Simo Knuuttila
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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